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Coherent Excited States in Superconductors due to a Microwave Field
A V Semenov1,2, I A Devyatov2,3, P J de Visser4,5
1Moscow State Pedagogical University, 1 Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119992, Russia.
Abstract:
We describe theoretically the depairing effect of a microwave field on diffusive s-wave superconductors. The ground state of the superconductor is altered qualitatively in analogy to the depairing due to a dc current. In contrast to dc depairing, the density of states acquires, for microwaves with frequency ω_{0}, steps at multiples of the photon energy Δ±nℏω_{0} and shows an exponential-like tail in the subgap regime. We show that this ac depairing explains the measured frequency shift of a superconducting resonator with microwave power at low temperatures.
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