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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Embryonic Connective Tissues01:20

Embryonic Connective Tissues

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During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
The mesenchyme is the first connective tissue that emerges in the developing embryo. It consists of loosely arranged multipotent mesenchymal cells and reticular fibers in the extracellular matrix. This loose arrangement allows easy migration of cells, which is essential for germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis during embryonic development.
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Tissue Membranes01:27

Tissue Membranes

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A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of the moveable joint cavities. There are two basic types of tissue membranes— connective tissue and epithelial membranes.
Connective Tissue Membranes
The connective tissue membrane is formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints. A synovial...
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

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Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Mesoderm, Cooked Up Fast and Served to Order.

Michael Kyba1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|August 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied early human mesoderm development using advanced sequencing. They identified key cell types and their developmental pathways from stem cells to specialized mesoderm cells.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cellular development involves dynamic changes.
  • Understanding human mesoderm formation is crucial for developmental biology.
  • Recent advances in sequencing allow deep cellular interrogation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early lineage-restricted human mesoderm cell types.
  • To trace cellular development from pluripotency to mesoderm.
  • To characterize the molecular landscape of human mesoderm precursors.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).
  • Computational analysis of transcriptomic data.
  • Tracing cell lineages during human development.

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Main Results:

  • Identification of distinct early mesoderm progenitor populations.
  • Characterization of gene expression dynamics during mesoderm specification.
  • Reconstruction of developmental trajectories from pluripotent cells.

Conclusions:

  • Early human mesoderm development is a complex process with identifiable cell states.
  • This study provides a high-resolution map of mesoderm lineage commitment.
  • Findings offer insights into human embryonic development and potential therapeutic targets.