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Ataxia.

Tetsuo Ashizawa, Guangbin Xia

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |August 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ataxia, a neurological sign, stems from diverse causes requiring thorough investigation. Early diagnosis and management are crucial, focusing on treatable conditions and clinical features for effective testing.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Clinical Neuroscience
    • Diagnostic Medicine

    Background:

    • Ataxia presents as a symptom of numerous underlying disease processes.
    • Identifying the specific etiology of ataxia is essential for appropriate patient management.
    • Acquired ataxia disorders rarely manifest as pure ataxia, often accompanied by other clinical signs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the background and common causes of ataxia.
    • To outline a general approach for the assessment and management of patients with ataxia.
    • To highlight diagnostically useful features of various ataxia-causing diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on ataxia.
    • Summarization of diseases presenting with ataxia.

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  • Emphasis on clinical features for diagnostic test selection.

    • Main Results:

    • Ataxia is a symptom of diverse pathologies, necessitating etiological investigation.
    • Treatable and reversible causes of ataxia, including life-threatening ones, require special attention.
    • Emerging genetic tests for hereditary ataxias complement, but do not replace, conventional diagnostics.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinicians must be knowledgeable about the broad spectrum of diseases causing ataxia.
    • A detailed patient history and neurological examination are fundamental.
    • Proper diagnostic testing, guided by clinical findings, confirms the working diagnosis.