Another Form of Focal Choroidal Excavation Based on Multimodality Imaging

To describe a peculiar choroidal entity using multimodality imaging and to further understand the relationship between focal choroidal excavation and central serous chorioretinopathy.

A peculiar entity was detected in both eyes of a 20-year-old male patient who was followed for more than 4 years; one perifoveal focal choroidal excavation and two extrafoveal focal choroidal excavations were noted in each eye. The bilateral perifoveal focal choroidal excavations exhibited progressive development with repeated interconversion between the nonconforming and conforming types. Dilated choroid blood vessels were detected by en face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Although the ellipsoid zone and retinal pigment epithelium layer defect also involved the fovea, a visual acuity of 20/20 was maintained in both eyes, with neither metamorphopsia by Amsler grid nor abnormalities noted by multifocal electroretinogram. However, pigment epithelium detachment finally appeared in the right eye. The microperimetry test revealed reduced threshold sensitivity corresponding to the lesions, and near-infrared autofluorescence revealed increased hyperfluorescence at the latest visit.

Idiopathic focal choroidal excavation may convert to the structure of central serous chorioretinopathy alike, which likely indicates another rare condition of focal choroidal excavation or central serous chorioretinopathy. Wide- and deep-scanning modes should be routinely applied in OCT imaging to detect choroidal disorders.