Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Corrigendum to "In vitro studies in VCP-associated multisystem proteinopathy suggest altered mitochondrial bioenergetics" [Mitochondrion 22 (2015) 1-8].

Mitochondrion·2025

Same author

Retraction Note: Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Associated with Valosin-Containing Protein Myopathy.

Inflammation·2025

Same author

An atypical presentation of giant cell arteritis: Fatigable signs to anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidal infarction.

Clinical case reports·2023

Same author

Pathogenic variants of Valosin-containing protein induce lysosomal damage and transcriptional activation of autophagy regulators in neuronal cells.

Neuropathology and applied neurobiology·2022

Same author

Amyloid Precursor Protein in Abusive Head Trauma Suspects.

American journal of ophthalmology·2022

Same author

Effects of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines on mitochondria of human retinal MIO-M1 cells.

Experimental eye research·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Published on: October 18, 2018

Visual consequences of electronic reader use: a pilot study.

Marlon M Maducdoc¹, Asghar Haider², Angèle Nalbandian³

¹Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.

International Ophthalmology

|August 7, 2016

Summary

Reading on electronic readers (e-readers) like iPads can cause more eyestrain and irritation compared to traditional paper. This study found significantly higher rates of discomfort among e-reader users.

Keywords:

Asthenopia Computer vision syndrome Electronic readers and tablets Eyestrain Ocular complaints

More Related Videos

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading

Published on: October 18, 2018

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Human-Computer Interaction
Digital Health

Background:

Increasing use of e-readers for professional and vocational purposes necessitates investigation into potential visual consequences.
Limited research exists on quantifying eyestrain incidence/severity or identifying predisposing factors related to e-reader use.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare eyestrain levels between e-reader (iPad) and traditional print reading formats.
To assess the rate of eyestrain and identify any associated clinical characteristics in e-reader users.

Main Methods:

A pilot study randomly assigned 44 students to either an e-reader (iPad) or print control group for a 1-hour reading session.
Measurements included participant posture, room luminosity, and reading distance.
Post-session questionnaires assessed reported symptoms of eyestrain and irritation.

Main Results:

The e-reader (iPad) group reported significantly higher rates of eyestrain (p=0.008) and irritation (p=0.011) compared to the print group.
Participants using the e-reader were 4.9 times more likely to report severe eyestrain.
No specific clinical characteristics were identified as predisposing factors for eyestrain.

Conclusions:

Reading on e-readers may lead to increased levels of eye irritation and eyestrain.
Further research is needed to determine predisposing factors, the underlying etiology, and potential interventions for e-reader-induced eyestrain.