Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

6.0K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
6.0K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

3.9K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.9K
Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

Introduction to the Skeletal System

10.5K
The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
10.5K
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

18.5K
Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
18.5K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.9K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.9K
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

7.0K
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
7.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Primary Care Physicians' Interactions With a Novel Web-Based Active Learning Tool (The Community Fracture Capture Learning Hub): Qualitative Analysis.

JMIR formative research·2026
Same author

Moderators' Role in Fostering Health Practitioner Engagement Within an Online Active Learning Program (The Community Fracture Capture Learning Hub): Qualitative Relational Content Thematic Analysis.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026
Same author

Why Most Australians Consider It Valuable to Find Harmless Abnormalities with Diagnostic Tests: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·2026
Same author

Paternal age is associated with offspring bone health-but not soft tissue composition or fracture: the Vitamin D in Pregnancy Study.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2026
Same author

Evaluation of a Novel Web-Based Active Learning Tool for Primary Care Physicians' Continuing Professional Development (The Community Fracture Capture Learning Hub): Quantitative Analysis.

JMIR formative research·2026
Same author

Implementation of a Self-Management Approach for Low Back Pain in a Public Health Care System.

JAMA network open·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

18.5K

Bone turnover marker reference intervals in young females.

Emma T Callegari1, Alexandra Gorelik2, Suzanne M Garland3,4,5

  • 11 Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry
|August 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

New reference intervals for bone turnover markers serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen and procollagen type 1 N-propeptide were established for young females. These findings improve the interpretation of bone health in this demographic.

Keywords:
Bone turnover markersCTXP1NPSafe-D studyreference intervalsyoung females

More Related Videos

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks
06:44

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Published on: January 5, 2022

2.5K
Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
06:59

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

18.5K
Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks
06:44

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Published on: January 5, 2022

2.5K
Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
06:59

Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Bone turnover markers (BTMs) lack established normative data in younger populations.
  • Accurate interpretation of BTMs requires age, sex, and development-specific reference intervals.
  • Previous BTM reference intervals for young females are often provisional.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine reference intervals for BTMs in females aged 16-25 years.
  • To investigate factors influencing BTM levels in young women.
  • To provide robust normative data for clinical and research applications.

Main Methods:

  • Recruitment of 257 females aged 16-25 years via social media for the Safe-D study.
  • Measurement of serum carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-I) and total procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) using automated immunoassay.
  • Determination of reference intervals using the 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of normalized BTM values.

Main Results:

  • Established reference intervals: CTX-I (230-1000 ng/L) and P1NP (27-131 µg/L).
  • BTM concentrations showed inverse correlation with age and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use.
  • Age- and OCP-specific reference intervals were calculated.

Conclusions:

  • Defined robust reference intervals for CTX-I and P1NP in young females.
  • Normative intervals aid BTM interpretation, especially for ages 16-19 years.
  • Findings support improved assessment of bone metabolism in young women.