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Lupus nephritis biomarkers.

Samar Soliman1, Chandra Mohan2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Minya University, Egypt.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|August 8, 2016
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Summary

Lupus nephritis (LN) requires better biomarkers for early detection and relapse prediction. This review explores urine and serum biomarkers to improve lupus nephritis management and reduce the need for invasive biopsies.

Keywords:
Adhesion moleculesBiomarkersChemokinesCytokinesDiagnosticsProteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • Current diagnostic methods for LN, including proteinuria, GFR, and serological markers, lack sensitivity and specificity for early detection of disease activity and relapses.
  • There is a critical need for reliable biomarkers to monitor LN activity and treatment response, potentially avoiding serial kidney biopsies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of urine and serum as sources for lupus nephritis biomarkers.
  • To summarize findings from biomarker discovery studies in LN using candidate and proteomic approaches.
  • To highlight the potential of novel biomarkers in improving LN diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lupus nephritis biomarkers.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing candidate biomarker approaches.
  • Summary of proteomic studies for biomarker identification in LN.
  • Evaluation of urine and serum as accessible biological samples.

Main Results:

  • Conventional markers are insufficient for timely LN diagnosis and relapse detection.
  • Urine and serum offer promising substrates for biomarker development.
  • Both candidate and proteomic approaches have identified potential LN biomarkers.
  • Further research is needed to validate these biomarkers for clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Novel biomarkers are essential for early and accurate diagnosis of lupus nephritis.
  • Biomarkers can aid in monitoring disease activity and guiding therapeutic decisions in SLE patients with LN.
  • Developing non-invasive biomarkers will significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce complications associated with LN.