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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
Published on: March 2, 2014
Cytokine decoy and scavenger receptors as key regulators of immunity and inflammation
Raffaella Bonecchi1, Cecilia Garlanda2, Alberto Mantovani1
1Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
Abstract:
IL-1R2 was the first decoy receptor to be described. Subsequently receptors which act as pure decoys or scavengers or trigger dampening of cytokine signaling have been described for cytokines and chemokines. Here we review the current understanding of the mode of action and significance in pathology of the chemokine atypical receptor ACKR2, the IL-1 decoy receptor IL-1R2 and the atypical IL-1 receptor family IL-1R8. Decoy and scavenger receptors with no or atypical signaling have emerged as a general strategy conserved in evolution to tune the action of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.
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