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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
Published on: May 2, 2025
Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with type 1 diabetic nephropathy: a
Hai-Yan Xu1,2, Ming-Ming Liu1, Xu Wang1
1a The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , China.
Objective:
This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism on type 1 diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Methods:
Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of science, Wanfang data, VIP database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and SinoMed were searched. A total of 17 case-control studies analyzing ACE I/D polymorphism and type 1 DN risk were included in the present meta-analysis.
Results:
Overall, a significant increased risk was found in allele comparison (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05-1.28, p = 0.04), dominant comparison (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.14-2.15, p = 0.006) and homozygote comparison (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.06-2.19, p = 0.02). In subgroup analyses according to ethnicity, the risk of type 1 DN in Asian population was increased in allele comparison (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.15-3.42, p = 0.01), recessive comparison (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.51-4.10, p = 0.0004), dominant comparison (OR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.90-5.23, p < 0.00001), and homozygote comparison (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.02-8.06, p = 0.05). However, there was no association between the ACE I/D genetic variants and type 1 DN in Caucasian populations.
Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis results indicate that the ACE I/D polymorphism may contribute to type 1 DN development, especially in the Asian groups with type 1 diabetes. The current findings need to be confirmed by future well-designed and larger sample size primary studies in populations with different ethnicities.
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