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Telomeres and Telomerase

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advanced Single-Molecule Techniques for Investigating Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions

Author Spotlight: Advanced Single-Molecule Techniques for Investigating Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions

Published on: August 30, 2024

Telomere Dysfunction Induced Foci (TIF) Analysis.

Ilgen Mender¹, Jerry W Shay²

¹Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.

|August 9, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Telomerase maintains telomere length, crucial for cell stability. Telomere dysfunction triggers DNA damage responses, detectable via Telomere dysfunction-Induced Foci (TIFs) assays.

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Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

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Observation and Quantification of Telomere and Repetitive Sequences Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH with PNA Probes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Observation and Quantification of Telomere and Repetitive Sequences Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH with PNA Probes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: August 4, 2016

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Telomerase maintains telomere DNA in eukaryotes, essential for early development and present in cancer and stem cells.
The shelterin complex (TRF1, TRF2, Rap1, TIN2, TPP1, POT1) protects chromosome ends from DNA damage recognition.
Shortened telomeres or impaired shelterin function lead to telomere dysfunction and DNA damage responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a method for detecting telomere dysfunction.
To validate the Telomere dysfunction-Induced Foci (TIFs) assay for use in human and cancer cells.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Telomere dysfunction-Induced Foci (TIFs) assay.
Detected DNA damage foci by co-localizing antibodies against DNA damage markers (e.g., gammaH2AX) and shelterin proteins (e.g., TRF2).

Main Results:

The TIF assay effectively identifies DNA damage responses at uncapped telomeres.
The described method is applicable to both normal human and cancer cells.

Conclusions:

The TIF assay is a valuable tool for studying telomere dysfunction.
This method aids in understanding the role of telomere maintenance in cellular processes and disease.