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A Model of First-responder Coping: An Approach/Avoidance Bifurcation
Eamonn Arble1, Bengt B Arnetz2,3
1Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Summary
First responders face significant stressors. This study found that approach coping strategies positively impact well-being, while avoidance coping strategies are linked to decreased well-being in these professionals.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Occupational Health
- Emergency Services Research
Background:
- First responders encounter high levels of occupational stress, including critical incidents and institutional strains.
- Effective coping mechanisms are crucial for maintaining the well-being of first responders.
- Previous research indicates a need for empirical models of coping strategies in this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate an empirical model of coping strategies used by first responders.
- To investigate the indirect pathways through which stress impacts well-being in first responders.
- To differentiate the effects of approach and avoidance coping behaviors on well-being.
Main Methods:
- A nationally representative survey of 6240 Swedish first responders across various occupations (coast guard, customs, military, EMS, fire, police).
- Statistical modeling to analyze the relationships between stress exposure, coping strategies, and well-being.
- Theoretical classification of coping pathways into approach and avoidance behaviors.
Main Results:
- Stress impacts well-being through multiple indirect pathways.
- Approach coping behaviors were generally associated with improved well-being.
- Avoidance coping behaviors were associated with a decrease in well-being outcomes.
Conclusions:
- The developed model offers insights into adaptive coping pathways for first responders.
- Promoting approach coping strategies may enhance the psychological well-being of first responders.
- Understanding these pathways is vital for supporting the mental health of individuals in high-stress professions.
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