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Practice-induced and sequential modulations in the Simon task: evidence from pupil dilation.

Stefania D'Ascenzo1, Cristina Iani2, Roberto Guidotti3

  • 1Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy; Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Italy.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|August 10, 2016
PubMed
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Pupil dilation (PD) tracks cognitive control in the Simon task. Prior practice with incompatible stimulus-response (S-R) mapping did not alter these pupil dilation modulations, suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human factors

Background:

  • Pupil dilation (PD) is a physiological measure linked to cognitive processes.
  • Previous research indicates PD reflects the Simon interference effect's magnitude, influenced by correspondence sequences.
  • Cognitive control mechanisms are hypothesized to underlie these PD modulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if prior practice with incompatible stimulus-response (S-R) mapping affects PD modulations in the Simon task.
  • To determine if PD can elucidate the mechanisms of cognitive control and response selection.
  • To differentiate between mechanisms influencing the Simon effect through practice versus correspondence sequence.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a Simon task, with PD and reaction times (RTs) recorded.
Keywords:
Cognitive conflictPractice effectsPupillometrySequential modulationsSimon effect

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  • Data was collected before and after a period of practicing a spatially incompatible S-R mapping.
  • Sequential analysis was employed to examine patterns in PD and RTs.

    • Main Results:

    • PD exhibited a conflict-adaptation pattern, mirroring that observed in RTs.
    • Sequential modulations in PD were not significantly affected by prior incompatible S-R practice.
    • The Simon interference effect showed different modulation patterns based on practice and sequence.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that practice-related modulations and correspondence sequence-related modulations of the Simon effect involve distinct cognitive mechanisms.
    • Pupil dilation serves as a valuable tool for understanding cognitive control and response selection processes within the Simon task.
    • The study differentiates the impact of prior experience from sequential effects on cognitive control.