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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Crystallographic Point Groups

Crystallographic Point Groups

Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Implementation of Two-Dimensional Polycrystalline Grains in Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework.

J W Lau¹, R D McMichael², M J Donahue³

¹Metallurgy Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

|August 10, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new micromagnetic model for simulating nanoscale magnets, enhancing understanding of magnetic switching phenomena in polycrystalline grains using OOMMF software.

Keywords:

exchange coupling magnetocrystalline anisotropy micromagnetics polycrystal

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Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

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Published on: June 7, 2018

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

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Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals

Published on: November 22, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Computational Physics
Magnetism

Background:

Accurate micromagnetic modeling is crucial for understanding magnetic switching in nanoscale materials.
Existing models may lack the granularity needed for complex polycrystalline structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an advanced micromagnetic model for simulating two-dimensional polycrystalline grains.
To enhance the Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) for greater simulation flexibility.

Main Methods:

Implementation of polycrystalline grain simulation capabilities within OOMMF.
Development of user-defined control over magnetocrystalline anisotropy and exchange coupling.

Main Results:

Successful integration of 2D polycrystalline grain simulation into OOMMF.
Enabled flexible determination of anisotropy and exchange coupling within and between grains.

Conclusions:

The enhanced OOMMF provides a more accurate micromagnetic model for nanoscale magnets.
Facilitates detailed study of magnetic switching phenomena in complex granular materials.