Myxofibrosarcoma in the Thenar Eminence

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Surgical Pathology
• Orthopedic Oncology

Background:

• Myxofibrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma.
• High-grade myxofibrosarcoma in deep extremity tissues poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

• An elderly woman presented with an expanding high-grade myxofibrosarcoma in her non-dominant hand's thenar musculature.
• Early signs of complex regional pain syndrome complicated the clinical presentation and treatment planning.

Findings:

• Accurate diagnosis, staging, and multidisciplinary agreement are crucial for managing extremity myxofibrosarcoma.
• Treatment decisions require balancing the risk of distant metastasis against potential functional impairment from radical surgery or amputation.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of individualized treatment strategies for high-grade myxofibrosarcoma.
• Multidisciplinary team involvement is essential for optimizing outcomes in complex sarcoma cases.
• Early recognition of associated syndromes like complex regional pain syndrome is vital for effective management.