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Custom Map Projections for Regional Groundwater Models.

Eve L Kuniansky¹

¹U.S. Geological Survey, 1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500, Norcross, GA 30093.

|August 11, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing the right map projection is crucial for accurate regional groundwater flow models. Proper selection minimizes errors in area and length calculations, ensuring reliable simulation of recharge, evapotranspiration, and river boundaries.

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Area of Science:

Hydrogeology
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Computational Modeling

Background:

Regional groundwater flow models require accurate spatial data for boundary conditions like recharge and river flow.
Map projections can introduce errors in calculated area and length, critical for these models.
Previous studies often overlooked the impact of map projection choice on model accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of map projection parameter choices on regional groundwater flow models.
To identify optimal map projections and parameters for preserving area and length accuracy.
To provide quantitative examples of projection-induced errors.

Main Methods:

Analysis of map projection properties (area, length, shape, direction).
Application of the Albers equal-area conic projection with custom standard parallels.
Quantitative assessment using the Floridan aquifer system study area polygon.

Main Results:

Improper map projection parameters significantly affect area and length calculations for large-scale models (>100,000 km²).
The Albers equal-area conic projection with custom parallels effectively preserves both area and length for mid-latitude, east-west oriented continental areas.
Consistent use of vertical and horizontal datums is essential for all geographic data.

Conclusions:

The selection of map projection parameters is a critical and easily avoidable source of error in regional groundwater flow model construction.
Using appropriate projections and parameters enhances the reliability of simulated recharge, evapotranspiration, and river boundary conditions.
Best practices include utilizing projections that preserve area and length, such as Albers equal-area conic, and ensuring consistent datum usage.