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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

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The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

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Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

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The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
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Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation01:15

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The systemic and pulmonary circuits are crucial components of the circulatory system, working together to transport blood between the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body. The process begins with pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and arteries. Upon reaching the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart, specifically to the left atrium, via the pulmonary veins.
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Roadmap for cardiovascular circulation model.

Soroush Safaei1, Christopher P Bradley1, Vinod Suresh1,2

  • 1Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The Journal of Physiology
|August 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study outlines a roadmap for an open-source computational model of mammalian cardiovascular circulation. The goal is to create a comprehensive resource for researchers, integrating cell and tissue function for near real-time simulations.

Keywords:
CellMLFieldMLcardiovascularcirculation modelphysiome projectvirtual physiological human (VPH)

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Computational Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Computational models of mammalian cardiovascular circulation are established.
  • Few comprehensive public domain resources exist for cardiovascular researchers.
  • Engineering interest is high due to well-understood fluid dynamics principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Propose a roadmap for developing an open-source cardiovascular circulation model.
  • Create a comprehensive resource for cardiovascular researchers.
  • Integrate the model with musculoskeletal systems and cell/tissue function models.

Main Methods:

  • Review literature on 1D blood flow modeling.
  • Discuss model encoding standards, software, and repositories.
  • Describe coordinate systems, derive equations, and implement in OpenCMISS.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary results from the OpenCMISS implementation are presented.
  • The development roadmap includes computational infrastructure and GUI.
  • The model aims for near real-time computation of blood flow and pressure.

Conclusions:

  • An open-source cardiovascular circulation model is proposed.
  • The model will integrate with CellML for cell and tissue function.
  • Future work focuses on model refinement, software development, and user interface enhancement.