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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

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Concurrent exercise training: do opposites distract?

Vernon G Coffey1, John A Hawley2,3

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The Journal of Physiology
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Summary
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Exercise training specificity impacts athletic performance. Understanding molecular responses to endurance and resistance exercise is key, especially for concurrent training, to avoid the interference effect on muscle growth and strength.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Molecular biology
  • Sports science

Background:

  • The principle of exercise specificity dictates training adaptations based on volume, intensity, frequency, and mode.
  • While untrained individuals show similar molecular responses to different exercise types, the impact of training history on this specificity is unclear.
  • Concurrent training, combining endurance and resistance exercise, aims to improve fatigue resistance and muscle mass but can lead to an 'interference effect'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how prior training history modifies the specificity of molecular responses in skeletal muscle.
  • To explore the mechanistic underpinnings of the interference effect observed in concurrent training.
  • To review molecular responses and interference effects within the context of training specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of chronic training studies examining molecular responses in skeletal muscle.
  • Analysis of existing literature on the interference effect in concurrent training.
  • Synthesis of data on signaling and gene expression profiles related to exercise adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Endurance exercise can attenuate muscle hypertrophy and strength gains during concurrent training.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms causing this interference effect remain largely unknown.
  • It is likely that multiple integrated molecular processes, not isolated factors, contribute to the interference effect.

Conclusions:

  • Prior training history significantly influences the specificity of molecular adaptations to exercise.
  • Understanding these molecular adaptations is crucial for optimizing concurrent training strategies.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay of factors causing the interference effect in concurrent training.