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Compartmentalization in PVC super-phylum: evolution and impact.

Sandrine Pinos1,2, Pierre Pontarotti3, Didier Raoult4

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The PVC super-phylum bacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Evolution
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The PVC super-phylum comprises seven bacterial phyla with diverse lifestyles and cell structures.
  • Some PVC bacteria, like Planctomyces, possess a complex cell plan with an intracytoplasmic membrane, leading to cytoplasmic compartmentalization.
  • The evolutionary role and functional significance of this complex cell plan remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of bacterial cell compartmentalization in protecting DNA from Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT).
  • To reconstruct the evolutionary history of the intracytoplasmic membrane within the PVC super-phylum.
  • To assess the correlation between cell plan complexity and the extent of HGT in bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative phylogenomic analysis of 64 bacterial genomes from seven phyla, including four PVC phyla.
  • Reconstruction of cell plan evolution using bibliographic data and electron microscopy.
  • Quantification of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) proportions across studied genomes.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed compartmentalization in Simkania negevensis (Chlamydiae) and Coraliomargarita akajimensis (Verrucomicrobiae), revealing intracytoplasmic membranes in Chlamydiae.
  • Found no direct relationship between the presence of a complex cell plan and the proportion of HGT.
  • Identified bacterial lifestyle as a significant factor influencing gene exchange capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully reconstructed the evolution of the intracytoplasmic membrane within the PVC super-phylum.
  • The presence of an intracytoplasmic membrane does not appear to confer protection against Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT).
  • Bacterial lifestyle is a more influential factor in gene transfer dynamics than cell compartmentalization.