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Spontaneous Lung Lesions in Aging Laboratory Rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus).

T K Cooper1,2, J W Griffith1, Z C Chroneos3

  • 11 Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.

Veterinary Pathology
|August 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Age-related lung lesions in rabbits are common, including fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia and emphysema. A unique granulomatous pneumonia possibly linked to surfactant metabolism defects was also observed in specific rabbit strains.

Keywords:
agingbackgroundemphysemalungneoplasiapneumoniapulmonary arteryrabbitsurfactant

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Comparative Pathology
  • Laboratory Animal Science

Background:

  • Spontaneous age-related lung lesions in laboratory rabbits are not well-documented.
  • Understanding these lesions is crucial for accurate interpretation of research findings and animal welfare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize common spontaneous age-related lung lesions in aged laboratory rabbits.
  • To identify and describe novel pathological findings in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of diagnostic necropsies from 36 rabbits over 2 years of age.
  • Histopathological examination, including immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis for specific lesions.
  • Detailed gross and microscopic evaluation of pulmonary tissues.

Main Results:

  • All rabbits exhibited fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia in pulmonary arteries.
  • Pulmonary emphysema was present in 30/36 rabbits, often without clinical signs.
  • A unique granulomatous pneumonia with surfactant protein-A positive material was identified in 8/13 rabbits of the EIII/JC strain, suggesting a surfactant metabolism defect.
  • Other findings included benign lung tumors (fibropapillomas), heterotopic bone, and various forms of pneumonia.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related pulmonary vascular and parenchymal changes are common in laboratory rabbits.
  • A novel granulomatous pneumonia syndrome may indicate a genetic defect in surfactant metabolism in specific rabbit strains.
  • These findings contribute to the understanding of rabbit pathology and have implications for research using these animals.