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Chitosan crosslinked flat scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration.

F Fregnan1, E Ciglieri, P Tos

  • 1Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, and Cavalieri Ottolenghi Neuroscience Institute, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.

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Summary

Chitosan-dibasic sodium phosphate (CS/DSP) conduits effectively promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery in peripheral nerve repair, outperforming CS/GPTMS_DSP scaffolds in animal models.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Chitosan (CS) is a versatile biomaterial for peripheral nerve repair due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability.
  • Developing effective nerve conduits is crucial for bridging nerve gaps and promoting regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and evaluate chitosan-based membranes and conduits for peripheral nerve repair.
  • To compare the efficacy of CS/DSP and CS/GPTMS_DSP scaffolds in promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of chitosan membranes crosslinked with dibasic sodium phosphate (CS/DSP) and γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane/dibasic sodium phosphate (CS/GPTMS_DSP) using solvent casting.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, morphology, and neurite outgrowth assays.
  • In vivo implantation of CS/DSP and CS/GPTMS_DSP conduits to repair a 1 cm gap in rat median nerves for 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • Both CS/DSP and CS/GPTMS_DSP membranes supported cell survival and proliferation in vitro.
  • CS/GPTMS_DSP membranes promoted cell adhesion, Schwann cell-like morphology, and neurite outgrowth.
  • CS/DSP conduits demonstrated superior performance in vivo, promoting nerve fiber regeneration and functional recovery comparable to autografts.
  • CS/GPTMS_DSP conduits showed fragility and detachment issues in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • CS/DSP conduits are promising for peripheral nerve repair, offering protection, bridging capabilities, and promoting regeneration.
  • CS/GPTMS_DSP conduits exhibited limitations in mechanical stability and in vivo performance.
  • CS/DSP scaffolds present a viable alternative to nerve autografts for significant peripheral nerve defects.