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Transecting spinal canal soft tissues, including the dura and spinal cord, significantly increased spinal range of motion (ROM). This study quantifies the contribution of these structures to spinal stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Spinal Anatomy
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Spinal biomechanics research often overlooks the stability contributions of internal spinal canal components.
  • Understanding the role of soft tissues like the dura, arachnoid, pia, spinal cord, nerve roots, ligaments, and vessels is crucial for comprehensive spinal stability analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the in vitro stability provided by the primary soft tissue components within the spinal canal.
  • To determine the impact of these tissues on the overall range of motion (ROM) of the spine.

Main Methods:

  • Human cadaveric spinal segments were tested under intact, osteoligamentous destabilized, and spinal canal component transected conditions.
  • Specimens underwent flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending under pure moment loading.
  • Motion response was tracked stereophotogrammetrically, with ROM adjusted for soft tissue creep.

Main Results:

  • Transection of spinal canal elements resulted in a mean increase in ROM across all directions (4.7%).
  • The most significant increase in ROM was observed during lateral bending (p=0.055).
  • A statistically significant cumulative increase in ROM of 3.3% was noted across all loading directions (p=0.040).

Conclusions:

  • Transection of spinal canal soft tissues leads to a measurable increase in spinal range of motion.
  • These findings suggest that even nonviable spinal canal tissues contribute to spinal stability.
  • Living spinal tissues are presumed to play a similar, if not greater, role in maintaining spinal stability.