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The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents

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Reinstating the Novelty P3.

Robert J Barry¹, Genevieve Z Steiner^1,2, Frances M De Blasio¹

¹Centre for Psychophysics, Psychophysiology, and Psychopharmacology, Brain &Behaviour Research Institute, and School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.

Scientific Reports

|August 12, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The P300 (P3) event-related potential, linked to attention, has confusing subcomponent names. This study argues for reinstating the Novelty P3 as the key indicator of the Orienting Reflex.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Human Electrophysiology

Background:

The P300 (P3) is a significant positive complex in human event-related potentials, occurring around 300ms post-stimulus onset.
Historically, P300 was considered the cortical correlate of the Orienting Reflex, the automatic response to novel stimuli.
The Novelty P3, initially identified as sensitive to novelty, was later controversially equated with P3a, leading to nomenclature confusion.

Purpose of the Study:

To resolve the nomenclature confusion surrounding P300 subcomponents, specifically P3a, P3b, and the Novelty P3.
To argue for the re-identification of the late P3 subcomponent as the Novelty P3, distinct from P3a and P3b.
To re-establish the Novelty P3 as the primary electrophysiological index of the Orienting Reflex.

Main Methods:

Conducted three studies employing single-stimulus habituation paradigms.
Analyzed event-related potentials, focusing on the P300 complex and its subcomponents.
Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain responses to stimuli.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests the existence of three distinct P3 subcomponents, including P3a, P3b, and a later, decrementing subcomponent.
The late decrementing subcomponent, previously labeled HabP3, is proposed to be the Novelty P3.
Findings support the differentiation of Novelty P3 from P3a.

Conclusions:

The Novelty P3 should be reinstated as a distinct electrophysiological component.
Reinstatement of the Novelty P3 as the index of the Orienting Reflex will clarify research and clinical applications.
This clarification impacts understanding of novelty processing and attention across theoretical, practical, and clinical domains.