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Masticatory efficiency and muscular activity in removable partial dental prostheses with different cusp angles
Mohammed Assayed Mousa1, Santosh Patil2, Edward Lynch3
1Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Aljouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
|August 12, 2016
Summary
Partial removable dental prostheses (PRDPs) with nonanatomic teeth reduce chewing efficiency and increase muscle activity. Changing cusp angles from 33 to 20 degrees in PRDPs affects temporalis muscle activity but not masticatory efficiency or masseter activity.
Area of Science:
- Dental Prosthetics
- Biomechanics
- Oral Rehabilitation
Background:
- Posterior tooth loss impairs masticatory efficiency and muscle function.
- The impact of partial removable dental prostheses (PRDPs) with varying cusp angles on masticatory muscles is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess how different cusp angles (anatomic 33°, semianatomic 20°, nonanatomic 0°) in mandibular bilateral distal PRDPs influence masticatory efficiency and muscle activity.
Main Methods:
- Fifteen participants were evaluated using PRDPs with adjustable cusp angles.
- Masticatory efficiency was measured by stroke count and duration.
- Electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter and temporalis muscles was recorded using surface EMG.
Main Results:
- PRDPs with anatomic and semianatomic teeth showed better masticatory efficiency than nonanatomic teeth.
- Non-anatomic teeth resulted in the highest muscle activity, while anatomic teeth showed the least.
- No significant difference in masseter activity was found between anatomic and semianatomic teeth.
Conclusions:
- A change in cusp angle from 33° to 20° in PRDPs did not affect masticatory efficiency or masseter muscle EMG activity.
- However, this change increased temporalis muscle EMG activity.
- Nonanatomic teeth significantly reduced masticatory efficiency and increased muscle EMG activity.
