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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Resetting Human Naïve Pluripotency.

Jifang Xiao1, Daniel H Mai2, Liangqi Xie2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Genetics & Epigenetics
|August 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remain in a primed state, unlike rodent ESCs. Resetting human cells to a naive pluripotent state is key for regenerative medicine and cellular engineering.

Keywords:
epigenetichuman embryonic stem cellnaive pluripotencystate change

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Rodent naive pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) resemble the preimplantation inner cell mass.
  • Human ESCs display characteristics of primed PSCs, derived from the postimplantation epiblast.
  • Understanding human PSC priming is vital for achieving naive pluripotency and advancing regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and compare naive and primed pluripotent states in murine and human models.
  • To explore reprogramming strategies for deriving human naive PSCs.
  • To discuss future directions for human naive PSC research in cellular engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of epigenetic characteristics between murine and human PSCs.
  • Review of existing reprogramming schemes for human naive PSC derivation.
  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on pluripotency states.

Main Results:

  • Human ESCs exhibit epigenetic, metabolic, and transcriptomic profiles distinct from rodent naive ESCs, aligning more with primed PSCs.
  • Various reprogramming methods are being investigated to induce a naive pluripotent state in human cells.
  • The review highlights the differences and similarities in pluripotency states across species.

Conclusions:

  • Human ESCs are epigenetically constrained in a primed state, necessitating further research for naive state induction.
  • Achieving human naive pluripotency holds significant potential for regenerative medicine and cellular engineering applications.
  • Continued investigation into reprogramming mechanisms is crucial for harnessing the full potential of human pluripotent stem cells.