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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Amniotic fluid embolism: Then and now.

A Rafael1, M D Benson2

  • 1Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra, Portugal.

Obstetric Medicine
|August 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This 1926 case report on amniotic fluid embolism, translated from Portuguese, details a patient whose autopsy revealed fetal squames in maternal pulmonary vasculature, a key finding in diagnosing this rare condition.

Keywords:
Maternal mortalitycomplicationsintensive care medicinematernal–fetal medicineperinatal medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pathology
  • Medical History

Background:

  • The earliest known case report of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) was published in Portuguese in 1926.
  • This study provides an English translation of that seminal 1926 report.
  • The report details a historical case of AFE, offering insights into the early understanding of the condition.

Observation:

  • The case involved a patient with a prolonged intrauterine fetal demise who presented with labor.
  • Sudden maternal death occurred during labor.
  • Autopsy findings revealed the presence of fetal squames within the maternal pulmonary vasculature.

Findings:

  • The translated 1926 case report shares significant similarities with later descriptions of AFE by Steiner and Luschbaugh.
  • Autopsy identification of fetal material in maternal pulmonary vasculature is a specific diagnostic marker for amniotic fluid embolism.
  • A persistent diagnostic enigma is why fetal material is evident at autopsy but not detectable in living patients with AFE.

Implications:

  • Translating and analyzing this early case report enhances our historical understanding of amniotic fluid embolism.
  • The findings underscore the diagnostic importance of autopsy in confirming amniotic fluid embolism.
  • Further research is needed to resolve the discrepancy in detecting fetal material in living versus deceased patients with AFE.