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Microbial elements as the initial triggers in the pathogenesis of polymorphic light eruption?

VijayKumar Patra1,2, Peter Wolf2

  • 1Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Experimental Dermatology
|August 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) may be triggered by UV-induced damage to skin microbes. This damage releases microbial signals that activate the innate immune system, causing the characteristic rash.

Keywords:
antimicrobial peptidescommensal/pathogen/damage-associated pattern (CAMP/PAMP/DAMP)microbiomepolymorphic light eruptionvitamin D3 analogues

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The precise trigger for polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is unknown.
  • This study hypothesizes that UV radiation damages skin's microbial communities, initiating PLE.
  • UV-induced damage may release microbial danger signals (DAMPs/PAMPs/CAMPs) that activate the innate immune system.

Discussion:

  • UV radiation can stress skin microbes, leading to the release of damage- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs/PAMPs) and commensal-associated molecular patterns (CAMPs).
  • These microbial signals can activate the innate immune system via antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as psoriasin, RNase7, HBD-2, and LL-37.
  • AMPs play a role in both innate and adaptive immunity, potentially contributing to PLE pathogenesis.

Key Insights:

  • Evidence suggests microbial, not human, elements may trigger PLE.
  • Topical application of microbial DNA repair enzymes has shown a protective effect in PLE.
  • This supports the hypothesis that UV-induced microbial damage is a key factor in PLE.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific microbial triggers and immune pathways involved in PLE.
  • Investigating the role of the skin microbiome in PLE pathogenesis could lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting UV-induced microbial damage or modulating the skin microbiome may offer new avenues for PLE prevention and treatment.