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Intravoxel Incoherent Motion in Normal Pituitary Gland: Initial Study with Turbo Spin-Echo Diffusion-Weighted

K Kamimura1, M Nakajo1, Y Fukukura1

  • 1From the Department of Radiology (K.K., M.N., Y.F., T.Y.), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|August 13, 2016
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Summary

This study shows that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using turbo spin echo (TSE) is feasible for assessing intravoxel incoherent motion in the pituitary gland. High diffusion (D) and perfusion (f) values in the pituitary reflect its unique characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the pituitary gland using conventional single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) is often compromised by significant susceptibility artifacts.
  • Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis offers a more detailed understanding of tissue microenvironment by quantifying diffusion and perfusion characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using DWI based on turbo spin echo (TSE) for intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis in the normal anterior pituitary lobe.
  • To compare IVIM parameters derived from TSE-DWI with those obtained from EPI-DWI in the pituitary and other brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • IVIM parameters, including true diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion fraction (f), and pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), were measured using TSE-DWI in 8 healthy volunteers across 5 brain regions.
  • Agreement between TSE-DWI and EPI-DWI parameters was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
  • IVIM parameters in the anterior pituitary lobe were compared to those in the brain regions using Dunnett's test.

Main Results:

  • Moderate agreement was found for D (ICC = 0.571), substantial for f (ICC = 0.699), and fair for D* (ICC = 0.405) between TSE-DWI and EPI-DWI.
  • The anterior pituitary lobe exhibited significantly higher D (P < .001) and f (P < .001) values compared to most brain regions, except for vermian gray matter for f.
  • No significant difference was observed in D* between the pituitary and the studied brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • TSE-DWI is a feasible technique for intravoxel incoherent motion assessment in the normal anterior pituitary lobe.
  • Elevated D and f values in the pituitary suggest distinct microstructural and perfusion properties compared to other brain tissues.
  • This method may overcome susceptibility artifact limitations of conventional EPI-DWI for pituitary imaging.