Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Esters to Carboxylic Acids: Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution. In the presence of excess water, the reaction proceeds in a reversible manner, forming carboxylic acids and alcohols.
During hydrolysis, the ester is first activated towards nucleophilic attack through the protonation of the carboxyl oxygen atom by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the ester carbonyl carbon more electrophilic. In the next step, water acts as a nucleophile and adds to the...

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hydration of phenylacetylene on sulfonated carbon materials: active site and intrinsic catalytic activity.

RSC advances·2022

Same author

Identification, repair and characterization of a benzyl alcohol-inducible promoter for recombinant proteins overexpression in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Enzyme and microbial technology·2020

Same author

Applicability of the adjusted graded prognostic assessment for lung cancer with brain metastases using molecular markers (Lung-molGPA) in a Chinese cohort: A retrospective study of multiple institutions.

Cancer medicine·2020

Same author

Regulating Electron-Hole Separation to Promote Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> Evolution Activity of Nanoconfined Ru/MXene/TiO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts.

ACS nano·2020

Same author

PD-L1 expression is a promising predictor of survival in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma undergoing pemetrexed maintenance therapy.

Scientific reports·2020

Same author

CAT1 silencing inhibits TGF-β1-induced mouse hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro and hepatic fibrosis in vivo.

Cytokine·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Published on: August 17, 2018

Carbocatalysis in Liquid-Phase Reactions.

Dang Sheng Su¹, Guodong Wen¹, Shuchang Wu²

¹Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|August 13, 2016

Summary

Metal-free carbocatalysis offers a sustainable, "green" alternative for chemical transformations. This review critically analyzes carbocatalysts for liquid-phase reactions, focusing on mechanisms, advantages, and limitations.

Keywords:

active sites carbocatalysis liquid phase nanocarbon materials reaction mechanisms

More Related Videos

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

Published on: August 17, 2018

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy

Published on: November 9, 2019

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Sustainable chemistry
Green chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Metal-free catalysis is gaining traction for environmentally friendly chemical processes.
Carbocatalysis, utilizing carbon-based materials, presents a viable
green
alternative to traditional metal catalysts.
While established in gas-phase reactions, carbocatalysis for liquid-phase synthesis is an emerging field.

Approach:

This review critically analyzes the current state-of-the-art in carbocatalysis for liquid-phase reactions.
Focus is placed on elucidating the underlying reaction mechanisms.
Advantages and limitations of metal-free carbocatalysts are discussed.

Key Points:

Carbon-based materials demonstrate efficacy as alternatives to metal oxides in gas-phase dehydrogenation and selective oxidation.
Carbocatalysis is rapidly developing as a key technology for liquid-phase organic synthesis.
Understanding reaction mechanisms is crucial for optimizing carbocatalyst performance.

Conclusions:

Metal-free carbocatalysis is a promising avenue for sustainable organic synthesis.
Further research into mechanisms and catalyst design will enhance the utility of carbocatalysts.
Carbocatalysis offers significant advantages in terms of environmental impact and cost-effectiveness.