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Defining the Insect Pollinator Community Found in Iowa Corn and Soybean Fields: Implications for Pollinator

M J Wheelock1, K P Rey2, M E O'Neal3

  • 1Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (mjwheelock77@gmail.com; oneal@iastate.edu).

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Insect pollinators, primarily solitary bees, visit both corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. These findings suggest pollinator communities can persist in agricultural landscapes.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max L.) are major crops that do not require pollination but provide floral resources.
  • Insect pollinators are crucial for ecosystem health, and their presence in agricultural systems warrants investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a similar community of insect pollinators visits corn and soybean fields in central Iowa.
  • To characterize the pollinator communities within these major agricultural crops.

Main Methods:

  • Modified pan traps (bee bowls) were deployed in corn and soybean fields during anthesis.
  • Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) was used to compare insect communities between the two crops.
  • Collected insects were identified to species, morphospecies, or higher taxonomic levels.

Main Results:

  • A total of 6,704 insects from at least 60 species were captured across both crops.
  • Thirty-four species were common to both corn and soybean fields.
  • The most abundant pollinators were solitary bees (Lasioglossum [Dialictus] spp., Agapostemon virescens, Melissodes bimaculata) and a fly (Toxomerus marginatus), comprising 65% of captures. Social bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp.) were rare (0.5%).

Conclusions:

  • A shared pollinator community, dominated by solitary ground-nesting bees, utilizes both corn and soybean fields.
  • These findings indicate that pollinator communities can persist in disturbed agricultural landscapes.
  • Conservation strategies should consider integrating pollinator support within annual crop production practices.