Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Primary sclerosing cholangitis displays distinct colonic mucosa topography yet a shared mast cell state with ulcerative colitis.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

The blood metabolome of brain health in midlife and influences of genes, microbiome and exposome.

Nature aging·2026

Same author

Interconnected influences of diet, gut microbiome, and metabolome on cognition across three metabolomics platforms.

Research square·2026

Same author

A lipidomic based metabolic age score for monitoring the effects of lifestyle and diet on metabolic disease risk.

Research square·2026

Same author

Associations of stable psychological traits with multi-omic subtypes of Alzheimer's dementia.

Translational psychiatry·2026

Same author

A multi-organ metabolomics atlas reveals molecular dysregulations in Alzheimer's disease mouse models.

Cell reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

Pharmacometabolomics informs Pharmacogenomics.

Drew Neavin¹, Rima Kaddurah-Daouk², Richard Weinshilboum¹

¹Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 200 First Street SW, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.

Metabolomics : Official Journal of the Metabolomic Society

|August 13, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Integrating metabolomic and genomic data reveals new genetic factors influencing drug responses. This pharmacometabolomics-informed pharmacogenomics approach enhances understanding of personalized medicine by linking metabolic profiles to genetic variations and clinical outcomes.

Keywords:

Pharmacometabolomics metabolomics pharmacogenomics

More Related Videos

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Area of Science:

Multi-omics integration
Pharmacogenomics
Metabolomics

Background:

Advances in -omics technologies enable large-scale measurement of metabolites and genomic variants.
Integration of diverse -omics data (genomics, metabolomics) offers deeper insights into disease risk and drug response variation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review challenges and opportunities in merging metabolomic and genomic data.
To highlight a pharmacometabolomics-informed pharmacogenomic strategy for understanding drug response variation.

Main Methods:

Review of studies utilizing pharmacometabolomics to guide pharmacogenomics.
Brief description of clinical studies forming the basis of five independent manuscripts.

Main Results:

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic metabolomics approaches were employed.
Integration with candidate gene and genome-wide studies identified novel metabolite-gene relationships linked to drug response phenotypes.

Conclusions:

Pharmacometabolomics-informed pharmacogenomics is an emerging field.
Associating metabolic profiles with clinical phenotypes and genetic variants aids in discovering novel genetic factors for drug response.