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Distrust As a Disease Avoidance Strategy: Individual Differences in Disgust Sensitivity Regulate Generalized Social

Lene Aarøe1, Mathias Osmundsen1, Michael Bang Petersen1

  • 1Political Science, Aarhus University Aarhus C, Denmark.

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Summary

Concerns about communicable diseases reduce social trust. Heightened pathogen disgust sensitivity is linked to lower generalized social trust, suggesting avoidance of others broadly, not just outgroups.

Keywords:
behavioral immune systemdisgust sensitivityevolutiongeneralized social trustideologyoutgroup prejudicepathogen avoidance motivationtrust

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary psychology
  • Social psychology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Cooperation has been vital for human survival throughout evolution.
  • Social interactions can pose threats, notably from communicable diseases.
  • Pathogen avoidance motivations are hypothesized to influence social behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how pathogen avoidance motivations affect generalized social trust.
  • To test whether pathogen avoidance leads to broader social avoidance, contrary to outgroup-specific avoidance theories.
  • To explore the relationship between pathogen disgust sensitivity, social trust, and outgroup prejudice.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two convenience samples and a large, nationally representative sample of US citizens.
  • Measured individual differences in pathogen disgust sensitivity.
  • Assessed generalized social trust and outgroup prejudice.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a robust and replicable negative effect of pathogen disgust sensitivity on generalized social trust.
  • Found that pathogen disgust sensitivity impacts generalized social trust more broadly than outgroup prejudice.
  • Identified generalized social trust as a potential mediating pathway between pathogen avoidance and prejudice.

Conclusions:

  • Motivations to avoid pathogens significantly decrease generalized social trust.
  • Pathogen avoidance appears to promote general social withdrawal rather than selective outgroup avoidance.
  • Findings suggest a nuanced understanding of how disease-avoidance mechanisms shape social cognition and intergroup relations.