Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

11.8K
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
11.8K
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

5.9K
5.9K
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

10.6K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
10.6K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

5.4K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.4K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

6.2K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
6.2K
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

2.0K
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metabolic inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase increases dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity in melanoma.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same author

Understanding the biological limits of hybridization-dependent siRNA off-target interactions.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2026
Same author

The microprotein SMIM26 connects metabolite transporters of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes and is essential for respiratory chain function.

Genes & development·2026
Same author

SNAT1 (SLC38A1) Is Not the Main Glutamine Transporter in Melanoma, but Controls Metabolism via Glutamine-Dependent Activation of P62 (SQSTM1)/cMYC-Axis.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Mechanistic insights into the preparation and stabilisation of supersaturated pea protein isolate-curcumin nanoparticles prepared by a pH-driven method.

Food chemistry·2026
Same author

THO5 subunit of the Arabidopsis thaliana TREX complex: role in mRNA export and heat tolerance.

Journal of experimental botany·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
03:36

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: April 12, 2024

902

Argonaute Family Protein Expression in Normal Tissue and Cancer Entities.

Daniel Völler1, Lisa Linck1, Astrid Bruckmann2

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Plos One
|August 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Argonaute (AGO) proteins are crucial for gene silencing. This study found reduced AGO protein levels, especially AGO2, in melanoma cells, impacting miRNA processing and potentially cancer development.

More Related Videos

Integration of Bioinformatics Approaches and Experimental Validations to Understand the Role of Notch Signaling in Ovarian Cancer
09:08

Integration of Bioinformatics Approaches and Experimental Validations to Understand the Role of Notch Signaling in Ovarian Cancer

Published on: January 12, 2020

7.3K
Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line
06:24

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line

Published on: April 11, 2025

970

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
03:36

Development of Compendium for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: April 12, 2024

902
Integration of Bioinformatics Approaches and Experimental Validations to Understand the Role of Notch Signaling in Ovarian Cancer
09:08

Integration of Bioinformatics Approaches and Experimental Validations to Understand the Role of Notch Signaling in Ovarian Cancer

Published on: January 12, 2020

7.3K
Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line
06:24

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line

Published on: April 11, 2025

970

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Argonaute (AGO) proteins mediate microRNA (miRNA)-guided gene silencing by interacting with small RNAs and target mRNAs.
  • The human AGO family comprises four proteins (AGO1-AGO4), with AGO2 possessing nuclease activity, essential for gene transcript degradation or recruiting silencing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the expression patterns of the four human AGO proteins in various normal tissues and cancer cell lines.
  • To investigate developmental changes in AGO protein expression by comparing fetal and adult tissues.
  • To identify potential alterations in AGO protein expression associated with melanoma and other cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel mass spectrometry technique, AGO Affinity Purification by Peptides (AGO-APP), for quantitative analysis of AGO protein expression.
  • Analyzed AGO protein expression across a range of normal human tissues and cancer cell lines, including melanoma.
  • Compared AGO protein expression profiles between fetal and adult tissues to assess developmental regulation.

Main Results:

  • AGO1 and AGO2 were the most abundant AGO proteins in normal tissues, exhibiting significant tissue-specific expression variations.
  • Developmental analysis revealed considerable changes in AGO protein expression from fetal to adult stages.
  • Melanoma cell lines showed decreased overall AGO expression compared to other tumor cell lines and normal tissues, with a pronounced reduction in AGO2.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced AGO protein levels, critical for miRNA processing, may affect cellular functions and contribute to disease pathogenesis.
  • The observed downregulation of AGO proteins, particularly AGO2, in melanoma suggests a role in tumor development and progression.
  • These findings enhance the understanding of miRNA processing mechanisms and their implications in human diseases, including cancer.