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Setting evidence-based occupational exposure limits for manganese.

Ruth Bevan1, Lini Ashdown2, Doreen McGough3

  • 1Cranfield University (Visiting Fellow) School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, College Lane, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.

Neurotoxicology
|August 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Newer studies suggest lower occupational exposure limits (OELs) for manganese. Neurotoxicity is the primary concern, but research limitations hinder definitive conclusions on subtle neurological changes and their health impacts.

Keywords:
InhalableManganeseNeurotoxicOccupational exposure limitRespirable

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational toxicology
  • Environmental health
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous Institute of Environment and Health (IEH) review in 2004 established occupational exposure limits (OELs) for manganese.
  • Subsequent studies and reviews by EU SCOEL, US ACGIH-TLV, and German MAK proposed lower OELs for manganese and its inorganic compounds.
  • Key health concerns include neurotoxicology, reproductive/developmental toxicology, and mutagenicity/carcinogenicity, with neurotoxicity being the most sensitive endpoint.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate recent scientific data on manganese exposure and its health effects, particularly neurotoxicity.
  • To assess the suitability of recent studies for informing health-based OELs.
  • To determine the most appropriate OELs for inhalable and respirable manganese fractions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of published scientific studies on manganese toxicology since the 2004 IEH review.
  • Focus on neurofunctional tests sensitive to subtle neurological changes associated with manganese exposure.
  • Critical evaluation of study designs (e.g., cross-sectional) and exposure estimation methods.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies continue to face limitations due to cross-sectional designs and unreliable exposure estimations.
  • The association between manganese exposure and subtle subclinical cognitive/neuromotor changes remains poorly characterized.
  • Clinical relevance and quality of life consequences of minor neurological differences are unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The 2011 EU SCOEL recommended 8-h time-weighted averages (TWAs) of 0.05 mg/m³ for respirable and 0.2 mg/m³ for inhalable manganese fractions are considered the most methodologically sound.
  • These OELs are based on the best available studies and are most suited for developing health-based limits.
  • The dose-response characterization supports establishing a human no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for neurofunctional endpoints.