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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Methodology for Developing Life Tables for Sessile Insects in the Field Using the Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in Cotton As a Model System
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Effects of Diamide Insecticides on Predators in Soybean.

R A Whalen1, D A Herbert2, S Malone2

  • 1Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 6321 Holland Rd., Suffolk, VA 23437 (wrebec9@vt.edu; herbert@exchange.vt.edu; smalone@vt.edu) wrebec9@vt.edu.

Journal of Economic Entomology
|August 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Selective insecticides like diamides conserve beneficial predatory arthropods in soybean fields, unlike broad-spectrum options. This study found diamides did not significantly impact predator populations, supporting their use in integrated pest management.

Keywords:
AnthocoridaeAraneaediamidesinsecticidepredator

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Pest Management
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Predatory arthropods are crucial for natural control of insect pests in soybean agroecosystems.
  • Broad-spectrum insecticides can disrupt beneficial predator communities, leading to secondary pest outbreaks.
  • Selective insecticides offer a potential alternative for pest control with reduced impact on non-target organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of selective diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide) on soybean predator abundance.
  • To compare the effects of selective diamides versus a broad-spectrum insecticide (lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole) on predator communities.
  • To assess the conservation potential of diamide insecticides for key predatory arthropod groups in soybean.

Main Methods:

  • Field plots in soybean were treated with chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole, or left untreated.
  • Predator abundance was monitored using sweep nets, beat sheets, and sticky cards for 3 weeks post-application.
  • Statistical analyses compared predator populations across treatments and with untreated controls.

Main Results:

  • Selective diamide insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide) did not significantly alter total predator abundance compared to controls.
  • Broad-spectrum lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole significantly reduced predatory arthropod abundance, with no recovery within 3 weeks.
  • Specific predator families (Anthocoridae, Araneae, Geocoridae) showed no significant decline following selective diamide applications.

Conclusions:

  • Selective diamide insecticides, including chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide, are compatible with conserving key predatory arthropods in soybean.
  • Broad-spectrum insecticide application significantly reduced predator populations, highlighting risks to natural pest control.
  • Diamide insecticides represent a viable strategy for integrated pest management in soybean, balancing pest control with predator conservation.