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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Mismatch Repair01:36

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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Laser Micro-Irradiation to Study DNA Recruitment During S Phase
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Over-irradiation.

Philip M P Poortmans1, Meritxell Arenas2, Lorenzo Livi3

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)
|August 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tailoring radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer can reduce treatment burden through dose reduction, hypofractionation, and partial breast irradiation. Research aims to balance RT efficacy with side effects, personalizing treatment beyond age.

Keywords:
Breast cancerBreast conserving therapyNodal irradiationPartial breast irradiationRadiation therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer can be tailored to reduce treatment burden.
  • Techniques include dose reduction, hypofractionation, partial breast irradiation, and anatomy-based contouring.
  • Regional nodal irradiation significantly impacts survival outcomes but its generalizability is complex due to evolving treatment paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on tailoring RT for breast cancer.
  • To provide perspective on the balance between RT efficacy and side effects.
  • To explore individualized RT based on biological factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of randomized trials and meta-analyses.
  • Analysis of current trends in breast cancer treatment, including surgery and systemic therapy.
  • Discussion of ongoing research in personalized RT.

Main Results:

  • Tailoring RT strategies can decrease treatment burden while maintaining efficacy.
  • RT compensates for reduced surgical extent, improving cosmetic and functional outcomes.
  • Individualized treatment decisions, considering biological factors over chronological age, are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing RT extent is crucial for balancing treatment efficacy and side effects.
  • Personalized RT approaches, informed by biological markers, represent the future of breast cancer management.
  • Further research is needed to refine RT strategies for improved patient outcomes.