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Top predator absence enhances leaf breakdown in an intermittent stream.

Pablo Rodríguez-Lozano1, Maria Rieradevall1, Narcís Prat1

  • 1Freshwater Ecology and Management (F.E.M.) Research Group, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

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The absence of endangered small fish, Barbus meridionalis, reduced leaf decomposition by microbes but increased it via invertebrates. This highlights overlooked ecosystem impacts of small fish loss.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Freshwater Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Biodiversity loss often focuses on top predators, neglecting small-bodied freshwater fish.
  • The ecological roles and impacts of small, non-commercially valuable fish are poorly understood.
  • Endangered small fish populations face threats, yet their ecosystem consequences remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ecosystem effects of an endangered predatory fish, Barbus meridionalis, absence in an intermittent stream.
  • To assess impacts on leaf fungal biomass, leaf quality, macroinvertebrate communities, and leaf breakdown rates.

Main Methods:

  • A leaf bag experiment was conducted comparing a stream reach with B. meridionalis to an adjacent fishless reach.
  • Measured leaf fungal biomass, leaf C:N ratio, leaf toughness, macroinvertebrate abundance, biomass, community composition, and leaf breakdown rates.

Main Results:

  • The fishless reach showed lower leaf fungal biomass and slower microbially mediated leaf breakdown.
  • Macroinvertebrate assemblages shifted, with higher shredder and scraper abundance/biomass in the fishless reach.
  • Macroinvertebrate-mediated leaf breakdown was faster in the fishless reach, accelerating overall decomposition.

Conclusions:

  • The presence of Barbus meridionalis influences nutrient cycling and trophic interactions in intermittent streams.
  • Extirpation of small-bodied fish can lead to cascading effects, altering ecosystem processes like decomposition.
  • Conservation of small, endangered freshwater fish is crucial for maintaining stream ecosystem functions.