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Individuals developing schizophrenia are hidden among adolescent substance misusers.

S Hodgins1, P Larm2, J Westerman3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescents treated for substance misuse face a significantly higher risk of developing schizophrenia, with no change in risk observed over time. Early intervention is crucial for better long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Adolescent Health
  • Substance Use Disorders

Background:

  • Identifying youth at risk for schizophrenia is critical.
  • Adolescent substance misuse is a potential risk factor for schizophrenia development.
  • Understanding temporal trends in this risk is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if adolescents treated for substance misuse have an elevated risk of developing schizophrenia.
  • To assess if this risk has changed since the late 1960s.
  • To investigate if adolescent substance misuse predicts poorer adult outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of three cohorts of adolescents treated for substance misuse in a Swedish city (1968-1971, 1980-1984, 2004).
  • Matched general population comparison groups.
  • National registers used to track schizophrenia, substance use disorders, physical disorders, criminal convictions, poverty, and mortality.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents treated for substance misuse had a 4-fold increased risk of schizophrenia in males and 5-7 fold in females.
  • Risk for schizophrenia remained consistent across different treatment periods, despite increased cannabis use.
  • Among males with schizophrenia, substance misuse treatment correlated with higher risks of substance use disorders and criminal convictions.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent substance misuse treatment programs identify a high proportion of individuals who develop schizophrenia.
  • Early detection and intervention for substance misuse in adolescents can potentially improve long-term prognoses and outcomes.