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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

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Causes and Consequences of Occupational Fatigue: Meta-Analysis and Systems Model.

Ulises Techera1, Matthew Hallowell, Nathan Stambaugh

  • 1Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder (Drs Techara, Hallowell, Stambaugh); and Lockheed Martin Engineering Management Program, UCB 428, Boulder, CO (Dr Littlejohn).

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Summary

Occupational fatigue is significantly driven by sleep deprivation and work environment factors. Key outcomes include cognitive and physical decline, with a need for more research on worker relationships and fatigue.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Ergonomics
  • Systems Science

Background:

  • Occupational fatigue is a prevalent issue impacting worker well-being and productivity.
  • Existing literature on occupational fatigue is extensive but lacks a unified systems model.
  • Understanding the causal factors and outcomes of fatigue is crucial for intervention development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To statistically codify occupational fatigue literature into a comprehensive systems model.
  • To identify key causal factors and their interrelationships contributing to fatigue.
  • To delineate the primary outcomes of occupational fatigue and their connections.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive and systematic review of existing occupational fatigue literature.
  • Performed the first statistical meta-analysis specifically on occupational fatigue.
  • Synthesized empirical data to build a causal systems model.

Main Results:

  • Sleep deprivation and work environment factors (noise, vibration, temperature) emerged as significant drivers of fatigue.
  • Short-term cognitive and physical degradation were identified as the most prominent outcomes of fatigue.
  • Fatigue also contributes to error, injury, and illness, though to a lesser extent.

Conclusions:

  • While much research exists, there is a lack of replication and validation studies in occupational fatigue.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps, particularly the relationship between worker relationships and fatigue.
  • The developed systems model provides a framework for future research and intervention strategies.