The Potential of Gonadal Hormone Signalling Pathways as Therapeutics for Dementia

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pharmacology
• Gerontology

Background:

• Dementia presents a growing challenge for aging populations with limited treatment options.
• Sex hormones, including 17β-estradiol and testosterone, are known for neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects.
• Existing knowledge gaps in molecular mechanisms hinder the clinical application of sex hormones for dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evidence supporting the use of sex hormones in dementia treatment.
• To identify hurdles impeding the clinical translation of these therapies.
• To discuss future directions for advancing sex hormone-based dementia treatments.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement by sex hormones.
• Analysis of recent advancements in selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).
• Examination of the role of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor agonist.

Main Results:

• Evidence suggests potential benefits of 17β-estradiol and testosterone in neuroprotection and cognition.
• Pharmacological advancements, including SERMs and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, offer new therapeutic avenues.
• Understanding molecular mechanisms remains critical for effective clinical application.

Conclusions:

• Sex hormones and related signaling pathways hold promise for dementia treatment.
• Overcoming knowledge gaps and pharmacological hurdles is essential for clinical translation.
• Further research is needed to guide the effective use of these agents in practice.