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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

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Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
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Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
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Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
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Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation Measured by EPR Oximetry Using a Highly Sensitive Polymer-Encapsulated Paramagnetic

H Hou1, N Khan2, M Nagane2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. Huagang.Hou@Dartmouth.Edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|August 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New oxygen-sensing chips using LiNc-BuO in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) show reliable, long-term in vivo measurements. These implantable chips enable electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry for tissue oxygen monitoring with potential clinical applications.

Keywords:
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetryOxygen sensorPartial pressure of oxygen (pO2)Skeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medical Devices
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate tissue oxygen monitoring is crucial for understanding physiological and pathological processes.
  • Existing methods for in vivo oxygen sensing face limitations in long-term stability and reproducibility.
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry offers a non-invasive approach to measure oxygen partial pressure (pO2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an implantable, retrievable oxygen-sensing chip for long-term in vivo EPR oximetry.
  • To assess the stability, reliability, and oxygen sensitivity of the developed sensor in a biological environment.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of LiNc-BuO, an oxygen-sensing paramagnetic material, into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix.
  • Fabrication of implantable oxygen-sensing chips (40% LiNc-BuO in PDMS) using Teflon tubing molds.
  • In vitro electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements to characterize oxygen response.
  • In vivo implantation in rat femoris muscle for repeated weekly EPR oximetry over 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • The LiNc-BuO/PDMS chips exhibited a linear and reproducible response to varying oxygen partial pressures (pO2) in vitro.
  • Sensor performance remained consistent after autoclaving sterilization and showed no significant degradation.
  • Repeated in vivo measurements over 12 weeks demonstrated good reliability and reproducibility of tissue pO2 readings.
  • The developed OxyChip formulation proved suitable for long-term implantation and retrieval.

Conclusions:

  • The novel LiNc-BuO/PDMS oxygen-sensing chip (OxyChip) is a stable and reliable platform for in vivo EPR oximetry.
  • This technology facilitates long-term monitoring of tissue oxygen concentration, overcoming limitations of previous methods.
  • The developed OxyChip holds significant potential for future clinical applications in diagnosing and managing conditions related to oxygen levels.