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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic
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Mini-pill in lactating women.

T E Canto1, L Vera, L E Polanco

  • 1Biology of Reproduction Department, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Mexico.

Contraception
|June 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

This study found that the progestogen-only contraceptive norgestrel 0.075 mg had a 3.4% pregnancy rate in breastfeeding women over 12 months. Acceptability was moderate, with a 32.5% discontinuation rate.

Keywords:
AmenorrheaAmericasBleedingBreast FeedingContraceptionContraception FailureContraception TerminationContraceptive Agents, Female--side effectsContraceptive Agents, Progestin--side effectsContraceptive Agents--side effectsContraceptive UsageDemographic AnalysisDeveloping CountriesDiseasesEvaluationFamily PlanningHealthInfant NutritionLatin AmericaLife Table MethodLife TablesMenstruation DisordersMethod AcceptabilityMexicoNorgestrel--side effectsNorth AmericaNutritionPostpartum WomenProgestins, Low-dose--side effectsPuerperiumReproductionResearch MethodologySigns And Symptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Contraception
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Progestogen-only contraceptives are an option for breastfeeding women.
  • Norgestrel 0.075 mg is a specific formulation for consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the acceptability and contraceptive efficacy of norgestrel 0.075 mg in breastfeeding women.
  • To assess the safety and usability of this mini-pill in the postpartum period.

Main Methods:

  • A non-comparative study involving 200 breastfeeding women (less than 26 weeks postpartum).
  • Follow-up at 2, 6, and 12 months to record outcomes.
  • Data collection included menstrual patterns, side effects, discontinuation, and pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • The 12-month life-table pregnancy rate was 3.4% (SE 2.0).
  • Common side effects included intermenstrual bleeding, amenorrhea, vaginal discharge, and breast discomfort.
  • The discontinuation rate at 12 months was 32.5%, with a 22.5% lost to follow-up rate.

Conclusions:

  • Norgestrel 0.075 mg demonstrates a pregnancy rate of 3.4% over 12 months in breastfeeding women.
  • Acceptability is moderate, indicated by a 32.5% discontinuation rate, with side effects and pregnancy contributing to discontinuations.