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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Hepatitis E Virus Mutations: Functional and Clinical Relevance.

Hoang van Tong1, Nghiem Xuan Hoan1, Bo Wang2

  • 1Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Ebiomedicine
|August 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) heterogeneity, including specific genotypes and mutants, significantly impacts viral replication, pathogenesis, and treatment response. Understanding these variants is crucial for managing HEV infections globally.

Keywords:
HEV infectionHEV mutationHEV replicationHEV treatment failureHEV variabilityHepatitis E virus

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes significant global morbidity and mortality, with increasing prevalence in developed nations.
  • HEV is endemic in developing countries and presents a growing public health concern worldwide.
  • Viral factors, particularly HEV genotypes and mutants, play a critical role in modulating infection and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on the role of HEV heterogeneity in viral pathogenesis.
  • To discuss recent advancements concerning the impact of HEV variants on viral morphogenesis, clinical outcomes, and antiviral resistance.
  • To highlight the limited understanding of HEV genome variants' contribution to pathogenesis, susceptibility, and therapeutic response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on Hepatitis E virus (HEV) heterogeneity.
  • Analysis of research on viral genotypes, mutants, and their impact on HEV infection.
  • Synthesis of data on nonsynonymous substitutions and their effects on viral proteins and host interactions.

Main Results:

  • HEV variants, including specific genotypes and mutations, can significantly alter viral replication, pathogenesis, and host immune response.
  • Nonsynonymous substitutions in the HEV genome can structurally modify viral proteins, leading to dysregulated virus-host interactions.
  • Limited data currently exists on the precise contribution of HEV genome variants to disease development, susceptibility, and treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • HEV heterogeneity is a key factor influencing the clinical course and management of Hepatitis E infections.
  • Further research into HEV variants is essential for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding viral genetic diversity is critical for addressing the global burden of HEV.