Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 16, 2026

09:13
Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction
Published on: April 1, 2017
14.2K
The launch of new-look Chishango
Summary
Population Services International (PSI)/Malawi relaunched its Chishango condom brand in 2002 to increase relevance and consistent condom use. This initiative aimed to further reduce HIV transmission in Malawi through social marketing strategies.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Social Marketing
- HIV Prevention
Background:
- Population Services International (PSI)/Malawi, a local affiliate of a global NGO, aims to improve Malawian health via social marketing of affordable health products.
- The Chishango condom brand, launched in 1994, provided an accessible HIV prevention method. Research in 2001 highlighted the need for brand modernization to enhance its appeal and effectiveness.
Discussion:
- Social marketing utilizes diverse media channels to drive demand for branded health products, sold at subsidized rates through various outlets.
- The rebranding and repositioning of Chishango in May 2002 sought to increase its relevance to contemporary Malawians.
- This strategy aimed to boost consistent condom usage, thereby contributing to a reduction in HIV transmission rates.
Key Insights:
- Brand revitalization is crucial for maintaining relevance and encouraging consistent use of health products.
- Social marketing effectively promotes health products by creating demand and ensuring accessibility.
- Affordable and relevant health products are key to effective public health interventions, such as HIV prevention.
Outlook:
- Continued adaptation of health product branding and marketing strategies is essential for sustained public health impact.
- Further research into consumer perceptions and behavior can inform future social marketing campaigns.
- The success of Chishango's relaunch underscores the potential of targeted social marketing in addressing critical health issues like HIV/AIDS.
Related Concept Videos
X-ray Crystallography
26.6K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.6K
Minerals
1.5K
Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Major...
Major...
1.5K
The Fossil Record
28.2K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
28.2K
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
7.3K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
7.3K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples
5.1K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
5.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
31.5K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.5K

