What Do We Know about How Hantaviruses Interact with Their Different Hosts?
Myriam Ermonval1, Florence Baychelier2, Noël Tordo3
1Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France. myriam.ermonval@pasteur.fr.
Viruses
|August 17, 2016
Summary
Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fevers in humans, with different diseases like hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndromes (HCPS) depending on the virus. Understanding host interactions is key to explaining these varied outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Hantaviruses, Bunyaviridae family members, are emerging viruses causing hemorrhagic fevers.
- Transmission to humans occurs via inhalation of aerosolized excreta from infected rodents.
- Hantaviruses are asymptomatic in natural hosts but cause diverse pathologies in humans.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent data on hantavirus-host interactions.
- To elucidate mechanisms behind differing disease outcomes (HFRS vs. HCPS).
- To identify knowledge gaps regarding viral entry, propagation, and immune evasion.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of pathogenic and nonpathogenic hantavirus interactions.
- Analysis of studies on hantavirus tropism and pathogenesis.
- Synthesis of data on host-pathogen dynamics.
Main Results:
- Hantaviruses cause Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Europe/Asia and Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndromes (HCPS) in the Americas.
- Old World hantaviruses can sometimes present with HCPS-like symptoms.
- Mechanisms of hantavirus entry, spread, and immune system interaction remain largely unknown.
Conclusions:
- Hantavirus-host interactions are complex and crucial for determining disease manifestation.
- Further research is needed to understand viral entry, propagation, and immune evasion strategies.
- Clarifying these interactions will aid in understanding and potentially mitigating hantavirus diseases.
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