[Molecular Mechanisms of Functional Activity Decreasing of the Skin Cells With Its Aging]

Area of Science:

• Dermatology and Cell Biology
• Molecular signaling in skin physiology and pathology

Context:

• Skin cell function is governed by a complex network of signaling molecules.
• Key molecules involved in apoptosis and skin aging include p53, p21, p15, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 (Cdk 4/6), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2).
• Inflammatory processes in skin fibroblasts involve cytokines like Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and Activator Protein-1 (AP-1).

Purpose:

• To elucidate the roles of various signaling molecules in regulating skin cell activity, including aging, apoptosis, and inflammation.
• To highlight the significance of neuroimmunoendocrine signaling molecules in skin aging.
• To examine age-related alterations in immune cell expression within the skin.

Summary:

• Skin fibroblasts produce signaling molecules that modulate immune cell activity, influencing inflammatory responses, proliferation, apoptosis, and regeneration.
• Neuroimmunoendocrine signaling molecules such as melatonin and serotonin, along with markers like chromogranin A and CD98hc, play a crucial role in skin cell aging.
• Age-associated changes in T-lymphocyte (CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD11) and dendritic cell (CD83⁺) expression indicate impaired immune cell function in aging skin.

Impact:

• Provides a foundation for developing novel, highly selective diagnostic approaches for skin conditions.
• Facilitates the creation of advanced cosmetic agents aimed at preventing skin aging.
• Enhances understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying skin aging and inflammatory diseases.