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Particle detachment from fluid interfaces: theory vs. experiments.

Svetoslav E Anachkov1, Ivan Lesov, Michele Zanini

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This study develops a theoretical model to determine microparticle contact angles (θ) from force-distance curves using colloidal-probe AFM. The model accurately predicts particle detachment from fluid interfaces, validating against ensemble measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Microparticle adsorption and self-assembly at fluid interfaces depend critically on the three-phase contact angle (θ).
  • Existing methods like gel-trapping technique (GTT) and freeze-fracture shadow-casting (FreSCa) provide ensemble-averaged contact angles, while colloidal-probe AFM measures individual particle wettability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for extracting the contact angle (θ) of smooth microparticles from force-distance curves obtained via colloidal-probe AFM.
  • To relate key parameters from retraction curves—maximal force (Fmax), detachment distance (Dmax), and work of detachment (W)—to the contact angle.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of force-distance curves from colloidal-probe AFM, focusing on particle approach and retraction from a fluid interface.
  • Development of a theoretical model based on capillary theory of flotation to link Fmax, Dmax, and W to the contact angle θ.
  • Validation of the model through comparison with experimental force-distance curves and ensemble-average contact angle measurements.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately extracts contact angles (θ) from Fmax, Dmax, and W, yielding consistent values.
  • The theoretical model successfully predicts experimental force-distance curves, including for truncated spheres.
  • Excellent agreement was found between AFM-derived contact angles and ensemble-average values from GTT and FreSCa.
  • A novel, accurate closed-form expression for the work of detachment (W) was derived.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theoretical framework provides a robust method for determining individual microparticle contact angles from AFM force-distance data.
  • This approach bridges the gap between single-particle and ensemble-averaged wettability measurements.
  • The findings offer a more precise understanding of microparticle behavior at fluid interfaces and energy barriers for detachment.