Other Helicobacters and gastric microbiota

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Gastroenterology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH) are increasingly implicated in human infections, notably H. cinaedi causing severe bacteremia.
• Gastric microbiota interactions with H. pylori are complex and influence disease outcomes.
• NHPH presence in animal models can confound experimental results, necessitating screening and eradication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review 2015 literature on gastric and enterohepatic NHPH.
• To summarize gastric microbiota interactions with H. pylori.
• To detail NHPH pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies published in 2015.
• Analysis of recent findings on NHPH identification and virulence factors.
• Exploration of high-throughput sequencing for microbiota analysis.

Main Results:

• Whole-genome sequencing is the most reliable method for NHPH species identification.
• Virulence factors like outer membrane proteins and phospholipase C-gamma 2 are linked to gastric colonization and gastritis.
• Alterations in gastric microbiota due to H. pylori infection may elevate gastric cancer risk.

Conclusions:

• NHPH infections are a growing concern, requiring better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
• Vaccination strategies and glutathione supplementation show promise for managing gastric NHPH infections.
• Understanding gastric microbiota dynamics is crucial for preventing H. pylori-associated diseases.