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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

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Published on: April 15, 2015

Increased task demand during spatial memory testing recruits the anterior cingulate cortex.

Joshua K Carr¹, Neil M Fournier¹, Hugo Lehmann²

¹Department of Psychology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada.

Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)

|August 18, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Increasing retrieval difficulty in spatial memory tasks activates the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This brain region

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Behavioral Neuroscience

Background:

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in memory retrieval.
Cognitive demand influences neural recruitment during memory tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if heightened retrieval difficulty in a spatial memory task increases ACC activation.
To compare ACC recruitment under high cognitive demand to remote memory retrieval.

Main Methods:

Rats performed the Morris Water Task with varying retention intervals (3 vs. 30 days).
Retrieval difficulty was manipulated by removing salient extra-pool spatial cues.
Immediate early gene expression (c-Fos) was measured in the ACC as an indicator of neural activity.

Main Results:

Increased c-Fos expression was observed in the ACC following cue removal.
ACC activation levels under high retrieval difficulty matched those seen during remote memory retrieval.
This suggests enhanced ACC involvement when memory retrieval is cognitively demanding.

Conclusions:

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a crucial role in memory retrieval processes that require significant cognitive effort.
Manipulating retrieval difficulty provides a method to probe the cognitive demands on memory systems.
Findings support the ACC's contribution to high-demand memory retrieval, irrespective of memory age.