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Related Concept Videos

Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota01:26

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Basidiomycota is a diverse phylum of fungi that includes ecologically significant decomposers such as white rot fungi, symbionts like mycorrhizal fungi, plant pathogens such as rusts and smuts, and edible species like Agaricus bisporus (the common button mushroom). These fungi play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, symbiotic relationships, and even human health. Their defining feature is the basidium, a microscopic club-shaped structure responsible for producing basidiospores.Fruiting Bodies...
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

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Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Toxoplasma gondii Cyst Wall Formation in Activated Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages and Bradyzoite Conditions
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Toxoplasma gondii Cyst Wall Formation in Activated Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages and Bradyzoite Conditions

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Case 233: Blastomycosis.

Hans Mouser1, Frank H Miller1, Senta M Berggruen1

  • 1From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60611.

Radiology
|August 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A 35-year-old man presented with skin lesions and systemic symptoms. Further investigation revealed disseminated nodules, prompting a broad differential diagnosis including infectious and neoplastic etiologies.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Dermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • A 35-year-old man with no prior medical history presented with multiple tender skin lesions and fever.
  • Initial treatment for furunculosis with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and chlorhexidine washes was ineffective.

Observation:

  • The patient developed increased skin lesions, night sweats, fevers, hemoptysis, and testicular pain.
  • Physical examination revealed subcutaneous nodules with pustules and testicular fullness.
  • Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis and hyponatremia. Initial cultures and serological tests for common infections were negative.

Findings:

  • Chest computed tomographic (CT) scans revealed abnormalities, leading to bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage.
  • Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the abdomen identified a pancreatic tail abnormality.

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  • The constellation of symptoms and imaging findings suggested a complex, potentially disseminated process requiring further investigation.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive work-up for unusual presentations of skin lesions with systemic involvement.
    • The differential diagnosis should include less common infectious agents, inflammatory conditions, and neoplastic processes.
    • Multimodality imaging and invasive procedures were crucial in evaluating the extent and nature of the disease.