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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
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Dry powder inhalation: past, present and future.

A H de Boer1, P Hagedoorn1, M Hoppentocht1

  • 1a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy , University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
|August 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Early dry powder inhalers (DPIs) required particle engineering for effective lung delivery. Future DPI designs need improvement for cost-effectiveness, safety, and high-dose applications like vaccination.

Keywords:
Adhesive mixturesdrug depositiondrug formulationdry powder inhaler designinhalationparticle engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical technology
  • Inhaler device engineering
  • Pulmonary drug delivery

Background:

  • Early dry powder inhalers (DPIs) were developed for low-dose asthma and COPD treatments, often using carrier-based formulations without efficient dispersion.
  • These limitations necessitated advanced particle engineering and powder processing to achieve adequate lung deposition.
  • Consequences of early design choices impacted efficacy, production costs, and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the implications of early DPI design choices on efficacy, cost, and safety.
  • To present novel particle manufacturing and powder formulation processes for DPIs.
  • To outline challenges, objectives, and tools for future DPI development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of consequences of early DPI design choices.
  • Presentation of newly developed particle manufacturing and powder formulation processes.
  • Discussion of challenges and tools for future DPI design.

Main Results:

  • Significant energy has been invested in understanding and controlling the dispersion of adhesive mixtures in DPIs.
  • Innovative formulation technologies are crucial but may not suffice for high-dose delivery, vaccination, or systemic lung delivery.
  • Improved inhaler design is essential for cost-effective and safe future DPI applications.

Conclusions:

  • Future DPIs require improved inhaler design for cost-effectiveness and safety, especially for high-dose, vaccination, and systemic delivery.
  • Patient adherence, minimized excipients, and intuitive inhaler design with feedback enhance safety.
  • Disposable inhalers may be preferable for specific applications like vaccination and hygroscopic formulations.